Inducing long-shoot growth for vegetative propagation of western larch

This study evaluated methods to release from suppression both short shoots on lower stems and developing buds on leaders of western larch (Larix occidentalis Nutt.) seedlings, in order to increase the number of long shoots suitable for stem-tip cuttings. Treatments included application of the cytokinin N-6-benzyladenine (BA), horizontal stem bending, and decapitation on container-grown 1.5-year-old seedling ortets. The rate of release of suppressed growth of short shoots on the basal stem segments increased from 15% to 83% after spraying with 200 ppm BA and doubled on unsprayed horizontally-bent stems. Syllepsis on the upper stems increased by 19% following decapitation and by 32% after a combination of decapitation and BA treatments. Although these treatments resulted in large increases in the numbers of long shoots available for stem cuttings, the rootability of BA-treated shoots needs assessing before use in operational programs.     

羧基丁苯胶乳改性脲醛树脂胶粘剂的研究

利用羧基丁苯胶乳对脲醛树脂胶粘剂进行改性,同时在脲醛树脂合成过程中加入一定数量的玉米淀粉等改性剂,进一步提高改性脲醛树脂的综合性能,降低生产成本。羧基丁苯胶乳改性脲醛树脂胶粘剂具有游离甲醛含量低、生产工艺简单等特点,生产出的胶合板的胶合强度和甲醛释放量均满足国家标准。     

Long-term changes in forest floor processes in southern Appalachian forests

Soil nutrient concentrations decreased in an aggrading southern Appalachian forest over a 20-year period. Construction of nutrient budgets showed significant nutrient sequestration aboveground including increased forest floor mass. We hypothesized that the changes in forest floor mass resulted from decreased litter decomposition rates because of decreased litter quality. In 1992 and 1993, we repeated a litter decomposition experiment conducted in 1969 and 1970 to test this hypothesis. In addition, we examined microarthropod populations and functional groups as litter decomposed. For four of the five species tested, first-year decomposition rates were about the same in both experiments. Initial litter nutrient concentrations of P were lower in all tree species in the most recent sampling. N, Ca, and Mg concentrations also declined in some species. These declines often resulted in decreased nutrient release rates during decomposition. Microarthropod populations differed significantly among litter species, as well as between years (probably resulting from differences in growing-season rainfall). For some litter species we found significant relationships between microarthropod populations and nutrient concentration (primarily C and N); however, most r²-values were low. Data suggest that changes in forest floor mass probably resulted from decreased litter quality and that those changes may have an effect on microarthropod populations.     

虫害诱导家榆挥发物的日释放节律分析

以家榆为试验对象,分析挥发物的组分与日释放节律,结果表明:家榆的挥发物共有24种化合物,包含有醇类、烷类、酯类和萜烯类等。挥发物的释放存在昼高夜低的现象,在上午时释放量会迅速增加,到中午达到最大,然后在下午、晚上逐渐减少;在由明转暗时,挥发物的释放有一个短暂的爆发。挥发物的日夜释放节律与害虫天敌的活动规律相符,可能是植物发挥主动防御的结果。     

Global parasite and Rattus rodent invasions: The consequences for rodent‐borne diseases

We summarize the current knowledge on parasitism‐related invasion processes of the globally invasive Rattus lineages, originating from Asia, and how these invasions have impacted the local epidemiology of rodent‐borne diseases. Parasites play an important role in the invasion processes and successes of their hosts through multiple biological mechanisms such as “parasite release,” “immunocompetence advantage,” “biotic resistance” and “novel weapon.” Parasites may also greatly increase the impact of invasions by spillover of parasites and other pathogens, introduced with invasive hosts, into new hosts, potentially leading to novel emerging diseases. Another potential impact is the ability of the invader to amplify local parasites by spillback. In both cases, local fauna and humans may be exposed to new health risks, which may decrease biodiversity and potentially cause increases in human morbidity and mortality. Here we review the current knowledge on these processes and propose some research priorities.     

云南省野生动物收容救护调查研究

采用问卷调查法,收集整理云南省27家野生动物收容救护机构2014—2017年期间的相关信息。关注焦点集中于业务范围、类型、运作经费、救护设施和救护人员等反映野生动物收容救护机构性质和救护能力的属性,以及体现机构成绩和救护倾向的野生动物收容、放归野外、康复饲养和调配移送数量等野生动物收容救护数据。采用WPS表格进行统计分析,以TTEST进行相关性检验,对全省各收容救护机构属性与机构野生动物收容救护数据之间的内在联系进行分析。结果表明,云南省野生动物收容救护能力欠缺,各级财政的经费投入不足,存在不科学放归的可能,野生动物收容救护需求量大与收容救护资源有限的矛盾突出,个别机构存在收容救护意愿薄弱现象,收容救护机构的主营业务和救护能力是收容救护工作的主要驱动力。提出加大经费投入,设置收容救护人员编制,规范收容救护行为,提高收容救护技术水平,多渠道高效处置康复饲养野生动物等建议。     

微生物在不同pH下对水稻土胶体中砷释放的影响

为探讨水稻土胶体与类金属砷（As）的生物地球环境行为,本研究对比分析了微生物在初始pH=3和初始pH=7的不同酸碱条件下对土壤胶体负载As释放的作用差异,并揭示其内在机制。结果表明：在pH=3条件下微生物作用相对较弱,对胶体悬液pH与Eh影响较小,与无菌对照组相比,溶液中Fe²⁺与As含量均有所提高,且释放的As主要为氧化态As（Ⅴ）;在pH=7条件下微生物活性较强,至28 d时可使胶体悬液pH升至8.12,Eh降至-55 mV,形成强还原环境,铁还原溶解量明显增多,Fe²⁺含量是无菌对照组的2.79倍,并且胶体中吸附态As随着Fe的还原溶解而释放,主要为还原态As（Ⅲ）。相关性分析表明,土壤胶体中As的释放与铁氧化物的还原转化有关,溶液中As释放量与Fe²⁺含量呈显著正相关关系,尤其在中性条件下As（Ⅲ）含量与Fe²⁺极显著正相关（r=0.798**,P<0.01）。研究表明,在中性环境条件下较强的微生物活性可提高土壤胶体中铁氧化物的异化还原,同时增强As的释放与转化。     

灵山岛浅海岩礁区刺参增殖放流研究

１９９１－１９９２年在灵山岛西侧海区进行了刺参增殖放流试验。结果表明，笼播参苗在自然海区比较安全，参苗存活率为１０％左右。撒播参苗因短期内较骓适应自然海况，易被海流带走等多种因素，参苗存活率甚低。     

绥芬河滩头雅罗鱼孵化放流的初步试验

本文首次报道绥芬河滩头雅罗鱼大批量人工孵化放流。1989年5～6月,在绥芬河东宁河段采捕、利用(?)河亲鱼3037尾,采卵1867万粒,利用自然产卵场生态条件孵化放流的雅鱼1323万尾(全长6.5mm)。     

Long-term Outcome of Standing Medial Patellar Ligament Splitting to Manage Horses Exhibiting Delayed Patellar Release: 64 Horses

A standing surgical technique for splitting the medial patellar ligament is described, and the long-term (average 4.5-years) efficacy of the procedure in horses exhibiting delayed patellar release is reported. Medical records of 64 horses that underwent a standing medial patellar ligament splitting surgery performed to treat delayed patellar release were analyzed retrospectively. Horses were sedated in standing stocks. A number 15 scalpel blade was used to percutaneously split the medial patellar ligament from just proximal to its insertion on the tibial tuberosity to its attachment on the parapatellar fibrocartilage, with the goal of inducing a localized desmitis and subsequent thickening of the ligament. Aftercare consisted of oral antibiotics, 14 days stall rest with hand walking, light exercise for 14 days, and full work at 4 weeks. Follow-up information was obtained through telephone calls to owners and/or clinical evaluation by a veterinarian. Results showed that 89% of horses benefitted from the procedure, with complete resolution in 58% of horses and improvement in 31% of horses. A total of 73% of horses were able to perform at the desired level following the procedure; 63% of horses showed signs of improvement or resolution within 30 to 60 days. Two horses had complications following the procedure: 1 horse had an incisional infection, and 1 had a medial patellar ligament rupture. This study shows that standing medial patellar ligament splitting is a successful, long-term surgical option for treatment of delayed patellar release. The procedure has few complications and allows rapid return to desired performance.